Most skin cancers are caused by too much exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays. Most of this exposure comes from the sun, but some can come from man-made sources, such as indoor tanning beds and sun lamps. People who get a lot of exposure to UV rays are at greater risk for skin cancer.

The main types of UV rays that can affect your skin include UVA rays and UVB rays. UVB rays have more energy and are a more potent cause of at least some skin cancers, but both UVA and UVB rays can damage skin and cause skin cancer. There are no safe UV rays.

What affects UV exposure?

The strength of the sun`s UV rays reaching the ground depends on a number of factors, such as:

Time of day: UV rays are strongest in the middle of the day, between 10 am and 4 pm.
Season of the year: UV rays are stronger during spring and summer months. This is less of a factor near the equator.
Distance from the equator (latitude): UV exposure goes down as you get further from the equator.
Altitude: More UV rays reach the ground at higher elevations.
Cloud cover: The effect of clouds can vary, but it's important to know that UV rays can get through to the ground, even on a cloudy day.
Reflection off surfaces: UV rays can bounce off surfaces like water, sand, snow, or pavement, leading to an increase in UV exposure.
Protect yourself from the sun

Simply staying in the shade is one of the best ways to limit your UV exposure. If you are going to be in the sun, [Slip! Slop! Slap! and Wrap" is a catchphrase that can help you remember some of the key steps you can take to protect yourself from UV rays:

Slip on a shirt.
Slop on sunscreen.
Slap on a hat.
Wrap on sunglasses to protect the eyes and skin around them.

The best important is Protect children from the sun.

Children need special attention. They tend to spend more time outdoors, can burn more easily, and may not be aware of the dangers. Parents and other caregivers should protect children from excess sun exposure by using the steps above. It`s important, particularly in sunnier parts of the world, to cover your children as fully as is reasonable. You should develop the habit of using sunscreen on exposed skin for yourself and your children whenever you go outdoors and may be exposed to large amounts of sunlight. Children need to be taught about the dangers of too much sun exposure as they become more independent. If you or your child burns easily, be extra careful to cover up, limit exposure, and apply sunscreen.

Babies younger than 6 months should be kept out of direct sunlight and protected from the sun using hats and protective clothing. Sunscreen may be used on small areas of exposed skin only if adequate clothing and shade are not available.

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